The Evolution Of Pencil Erasers: History, Tips, and DIY Ideas
Erasers are a staple in any stationery kit, often used to correct mistakes when writing or drawing with a pencil. Whether it’s at school, work, or during an art project, they serve as a handy tool to "erase" errors. But how much do we really know about this humble stationery essential?
What Is an Eraser?
An eraser is a tool designed to remove pencil marks from paper. It typically has a rubbery texture and is available in various shapes, sizes, and colors. Some pencils even come with erasers attached, making them even more convenient to use.
Erasers are invaluable for fixing mistakes quickly, especially during writing or drawing tasks. Their versatility and functionality make them a must-have for students, professionals, and artists alike.
Who Invented the Eraser?
The history of erasers dates back to the 1770s, when bread was the primary tool used to erase pencil markings. People would roll up and moisten bread to remove graphite marks effectively.
The eraser as we know it was discovered by John Priestley, a philosopher and scientist. Priestley, who also discovered oxygen and carbonated water, stumbled upon the properties of rubber (or "India gum") and realized its potential for removing pencil marks.
However, it wasn’t until Edward Nairne, a British engineer, began marketing pieces of rubber as erasers that they gained popularity in Europe. This marked the beginning of the eraser’s evolution into the essential tool we know today.
What Are Erasers Made Of?
Erasers are primarily made of rubber, which can be natural or synthetic.
- Natural Rubber: Derived from latex produced by rubber trees.
- Synthetic Rubber: Made from materials like butadiene and styrene, often used in various industrial applications.
To alter an eraser's appearance, additional substances are used:
- White Erasers: Contain titanium oxide for pigmentation.
- Colored Erasers: Include organic dyes for vibrant hues.
- Red Erasers: Often made with iron oxide for their distinctive color.
How to Clean an Eraser
Over time, erasers can become dirty, reducing their effectiveness. This happens because friction during use heats the rubber, making it sticky and prone to picking up graphite. Here’s how you can clean your eraser:
- Rub on Scrap Paper: Use a piece of scrap paper to rub off the dirty edges, leaving only clean surfaces.
- Use Sandpaper: Gently rub the eraser on fine-grit sandpaper to remove residual marks without damaging it.
- Store in a Case: Keep your eraser in a dedicated case to prevent it from picking up marks from other stationery items.
How to Clean a Kneaded Eraser
Kneaded erasers are soft and malleable, often used for precise corrections in art projects. To clean a kneaded eraser:
1. Re-knead It: Stretch and reshape the eraser by kneading it, just as you would with dough. This exposes clean surfaces.
2. Replace When Necessary: Over time, kneading becomes less effective, and the eraser will need to be replaced.
How to Make Your Own Eraser
Creating your own eraser can be a fun DIY project!
1. Get Eraser Clay: Purchase eraser clay from a craft store. It comes in various colors, allowing you to customize your eraser.
2. Warm and Shape: Take small chunks of clay, warm them in your hands, and shape them into sturdy designs. Avoid making thin pieces, as they may break easily.
3. Get Creative: Mix and twist different clay colors to create unique, multi-colored designs for your erasers.
Erasers may seem simple, but their history, composition, and versatility make them fascinating tools. From their origins as bread substitutes to modern synthetic rubber variants, they’ve come a long way. Whether you’re using them for art, work, or school, keeping your eraser clean and experimenting with DIY designs can make them even more fun and effective!