Republic Day 2025: What Makes January 26 a Historic Day for India?

In just two days, the nation will commemorate its 76th Republic Day, a momentous occasion marking the implementation of the Indian Constitution . This significant day transformed India into a democratic republic, officially severing ties with the British Raj. On January 26, 1950, the British Government of India Act 1935 was replaced with the Indian Constitution, making way for India's first Republic Day celebration .

This year's Republic Day celebrations will follow a dedicated theme, as is customary. The theme for 2025 is Swarnim Bharat – Virasat aur Vikas (Golden India – Heritage and Development), showcasing India's cultural richness and developmental milestones. While Republic Day holds great importance, have you ever wondered why January 26 was chosen as the date?

Let’s explore the historical significance of this date and its deep connection to India’s freedom movement.

Why January 26? A Historical Connection

Poorna Swaraj , 1930
The significance of January 26 dates back to the freedom struggle. On December 19, 1929, during the Lahore session of the Indian National Congress (INC), the Poorna Swaraj Resolution was adopted. This resolution declared India's demand for complete independence from British rule after failed negotiations on dominion status. On January 26, 1930, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru hoisted the Indian tricolor on the banks of the Ravi River, marking the first celebration of Poorna Swaraj Day. For 17 years, this date was observed as India’s Independence Day.

Adoption of the Constitution
On November 26, 1949, the Constitution of India was formally adopted by the Constituent Assembly, an event celebrated today as Constitution Day or Samvidhan Divas. However, the Constitution officially came into effect on January 26, 1950. The choice of this date was deliberate, linking the adoption of the Constitution with the historical significance of Poorna Swaraj Day.

The Indian Constitution was signed by 284 members of the Constituent Assembly before coming into force, marking a new chapter in India’s governance and sovereignty.

From Poorna Swaraj to Republic Day
Although India gained independence on August 15, 1947, it still lacked its own Constitution, relying instead on laws inherited from British rule. Republic Day symbolizes a deeper form of independence, as it granted India the power to govern itself through its own Constitution.

The Indian Constitution not only established a democratic framework but also empowered citizens. A notable example is Article 32, regarded as the "heart and soul" of the Constitution. This article guarantees the protection of fundamental rights, allowing citizens to directly approach the Supreme Court if these rights are violated, ensuring accountability and justice.